Abstract: Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of laparoscopic combined choledochoscope and traditional open surgery in the treatment of cholecystolithiasis complicated with choledocholithiasis. Methods Total 92 patients with cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis in our hospital between December, 2014 and December, 2016 were enrolled into this study and divided into group A and group B with 46 cases in each group according to the random number table method. Group A was treated with laparoscope combined with choledochoscopy, and group B was treated with open surgery. The amount of bleeding, time to first flatus, operation time, the length of stay, success rate of operation, and the changes of liver function indexes before and after the operation were compared between two groups. Results The intraoperative blood loss, time to first flatus, operation time and length of stay in group A were better than those in group B (P<0.05); The operation time of the two groups had no statistical difference (P>0.05). The success rate of operation in both two groups was high, there was no statistical difference between them (P>0.05); The levels of ALP ALT, TBIL and AST increased after the treatment in both groups (group A:t=13.277, 11.276, 7.030, 9.805, group B:t=31.329, 20.858, 19.024, 21.154, all P< 0.05). The levels of ALP, ALT, TBIL and AST in group A were lower than those in group B (t=21.720, 11.340, 11.588, 11.277, all P<0.05). Conclusion The clinical effect of laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy in the treatment of cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis is better than open surgery. The research significance deserves attentions.