Abstract: Objective To investigate the value of digestive endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of early digestive tract cancer. Methods From January, 2014 to May, 2016, 62 patients with early stage digestive tract tumors were selected from Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou First People's Hospital. They were divided into control group (n=30) and observation group (n=32) according to random number table method. The control group received traditional white light endoscope and conventional surgical treatment, while the observation group (32 cases) received electronic gastroscope and ultrasonic gastroscope to assist in the diagnosis and treatment. After the treatment, the clinical detection rate, image quality score, clinical efficacy, operation related indexes and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results ① The detection rate of the observation group (87.5%, 28/32) was significantly higher than that of the control group (63.33%, 19/30), P<0.05. ② The scores of image quality in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, P<0.05. ③ After the treatment, the efficient and disease control rates in the observation group were 43.75% (14/32) and 90.63% (29/32), which were significantly higher than those in the control group[23.33% (7/30) and 73.33% (22/30)], P<0.05. ④ The relative indexes of the observation group after operation were better than those in the operation, P<0.05. ⑤ After the treatment, the complication rate of the observation group (3.13%, 1/32) was significantly lower than that in the control group (20.00%, 6/30), P<0.05. Conclusion Digestive endoscopy can improve the detection rate of early digestive tract cancer, image quality score and diagnostic accuracy; the early treatment of digestive tract cancer by gastrointestinal endoscopy can also improve the therapeutic efficiency ratio and disease control rate, optimize the postoperative surgical indicators, and reduce the postoperative complications.