Abstract: Objective To retrospective analysis the clinical data of children with iron deficiency anemia (Nutritional iron deficiency anemia in children, IDAC), investigate the incidence and related factors of the disease, and to explore the clinical effects of health management intervention and necessary treatment for IDA children. Methods The 350 children patients diagnosed as IDA were excepted with the persistent health management intervention, and necessary treatment. Investigate the incidence of IDAC; to study the relevant factors of children with IDA disease by the single factor analysis; compare the clinical effect before and after the health management intervention (the changes of clinical symptoms and signs, and weight), laboratory (hemoglobin, blood iron) and the necessary treatment. Results ① 51 cases (14.57%, 51/350) were diagnosed as IDAC, their laboratory examination of peripheral blood and ferritin levels in the blood hemoglobin were lower than the normal reference of the same age, same sex children in the lower limit, the difference was statistically significant compared with non IDA patients (P<0.05). The IDA incidence is the highest in 1-3 year old children. ② The single factor analysis result showed that age, irrational dietary structure, and digestive system diseases were all related factors of IDAC. ③ After the health management intervention and necessary treatment, the hemoglobin, blood ferritin and weight of the children in the laboratory indexes of the majority of IDA children were basically restored to the normal reference range of our laboratory. In most (96.08%,49) children, the anemia and clinical symptoms or abnormal signs were improved effectively. Conclusion IDA in children aged 1-3 years is the highest, and the main causes of disease are irrational dietary structure and digestive system. By reasonable and continuous health management intervention and necessary treatment for IDA children, more satisfactory clinical results can be obtained.