Abstract: Objective To explore the correlation of Toll-like receptors TLR4 and TLR7 and kidney injury markers, and inflammatory factors, so as to clear out its clinical value. Methods Ninety-two cases of pathological sections extracted from PNS children were used as the observation group, while 37 cases of healthy kidney tissue were used as the controls. TLR4 and TLR7 expression levels were detected with immunohistochemistry assay. The PNS children were divided into 3 groups according to TLR4 and TLR7 expression levels:both TLR4 and TLR7 expression increased were called Group A (n=33), only one of them increased were called Group B (n=29), and both TLR4 and TLR7 expression decreased were call Group C (n=30). The urinary NGAL, KIM-1 levels, and the serum IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α levels were detected by ELISA kits. Results The TLR4 and TLR7 expression levels of the observation group were both higher than the controls, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). There was significant difference between groups in urinary NGAL and KIM-1 levels between groups, and those of Group C were higher than Group B, and those of Group B were higher than Group A, the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analyse results showed that there was positive correlation between TLR4/TLR7 and KIM-1 (R²=0.627, 0.682, P<0.05). There was significant difference between groups in serum IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α levels, those of Group C were higher than Group B, and those of Group B were higher than Group A, the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analyse results showed that there was positive correlation between TLR4/TLR7 and IL-6/TNF-α levels (R²=0.586-0.655, P<0.05). Conclusion The TLR4 and TLR7 expression levels of PNS Children are closely related with kidney injury and inflammatory reaction, which has disregardful value.