Abstract: Objective To retrospectively analyze the effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with laparoscopic choledocholithotomy on choledochoscopy lithotomy (LC + LCBDE) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/endoscopic duodenal sphincterotomy+Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ERCP/EST+LC) on treatment of gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones. Methods Three hundred patients with gallstone and common bile duct stones treated in our hospital from February, 2011 to February, 2016 were enrolled in this study. According to surgical methods, patients were divided into LC + LCBDE group and ERCP/EST+LC group, each group 150 cases. The clinical data, treatment effect, postoperative complications and liver function and other related indicators of two groups were compared. Results There was no significant difference between two groups on operation success rate and laparotomy rate (P>0.05). The operation time, hospital stay and operation cost of LC + LCBDE group were significantly lower than those of ERCP/EST+LC group (P<0.05). The direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels at 1 day after surgery were increased, but returned to normal levels at the 3rd day after operation. The postoperative complication rate of LC + LCBDE group was 6.67%, and postoperative complication rate of ERCP/EST+LC group was 8.67%, with no statistical significance (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in stone recurrence between two groups after discharge (P>0.05). Conclusion LC + LCBDE and ERCP/EST+LC were safe and effective methods on treatment gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones. LC + LCBDE had more advantages in operation time, hospitalization time and operation cost. In clinical work, surgical method should be selected based on the individuality principle, actual condition and hospital conditions.