Abstract: Objective To compare the clinical effect of Vitallium 2000 materials and Cobalt-chromium alloy materials on removable partial denture by repair dentition defect. Methods Altogether 412 patients with removable partial denture by repair dentition defect in our hospital from December, 2013 to December, 2015 were selected and divided into Vitallium 2000 group and Cobalt-chromium alloy group based on the scaffold materials, with 206 cases in each group. After repair, the denture placement rate, 2W adjustment rate, chewing efficiency, denture stomatitis rate, adverse reactions (secondary caries, periodontal disease, abutment defect, and basement impairment), and satisfaction (beautiful, comfortable, chewable, linguistic) of two groups were compared. Results The denture placement rate of Vitallium 2000 was significantly higher than that of Cobalt-chromium alloy (P<0.05), and 2W adjustment rate was significantly lower than that of Cobalt-chromium alloy (P<0.05). The masticatory efficiency of Vitallium 2000 was significantly higher than that of cobalt-chromium alloy (P<0.05), and denture stomatitis rate was significantly lower than that of cobalt-chromium alloy (P<0.05). The coagulation, thrombosis and alveolar bone absorption rate of Vitallium 2000 group were significantly lower than those of cobalt-chromium alloy group (P<0.05). The secondary caries, periodontal disease, abutment failure and adverse reactions of Vitallium 2000 group were significantly lower than those of cobalt-chromium alloy group (P<0.05). Shape satisfaction, comfort satisfaction, masticatory function satisfaction and language function satisfaction of Vitallium 2000 were significantly higher than those of cobalt-chromium alloy (P<0.05). Conclusion Vitallium 2000 has significant effect in repairing dentition defect with removable partial denture, could effectively reduce the occurrence of denture stomatitis, coagulation, thrombosis and adverse reactions, and improve the aesthetic appearance, comfort, chewing ability and language ability.