Abstract: Objective To explore the risk factors of COPD complicated with pulmonary thromboembolism, and thus to sum up the corresponding nursing strategies. Methods A total of 95 patients with COPD complicated with pulmonary thromboembolism from May, 2015 to December, 2016 were selected into embolization group and 282 patients with COPD without pulmonary thromboembolism were selected into non-embolization group. The risk factors questionnaire was made, and the age, sex, smoking history, bed history, diabetes history, lower extremity asymmetric edema, hemoptysis, fever, venous thrombosis, D-dimer, PaO₂, PaCO₂ of both groups were accounted. And univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine the risk factors for patients with COPD complicated with pulmonary thromboembolism. Results Univariate results showed that age, bed rest, diabetes mellitus, asymmetric edema of lower extremities, venous thrombosis, D-dimer, PaO₂ and PaCO₂ were risk factors for pulmonary thrombosis in COPD patients. And multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, bedtime history, diabetes mellitus, asymmetric edema of lower extremities, venous thrombosis, D-dimer, PaO₂ and PaCO₂ were risk factors for pulmonary thrombosis in COPD patients. Conclusion Age, bedtime history, diabetes mellitus, asymmetric edema of lower extremities, venous thrombosis, D-dimer, PaO₂ and PaCO₂ are risk factors for pulmonary thrombosis in COPD patients. Clinical attention should be paid to risk factors, and well treatment and nursing could prevent COPD patients from pulmonary thromboembolism.