Abstract: Objective To explore the application of the mode of combination of medical care and rehabilitation in elderly patients in orthopedics department and its influence on the quality of life and well-being index of elderly patients. Methods Eighty cases of elderly patients operated in orthopedics department from February, 2016 to February, 2017 were randomly divided into the study group and the control group with 40 cases in each group. The study group received medical support combined with rehabilitation mode after operation, while the control group received the conventional mode of rehabilitation. One months, 3 months and 6 months later, postoperative self-care ability, score by simple health measurement scale (SF-36), overall well-being scale (GWB loneliness) and UCLA Loneliness Scale, and satisfaction of patients on postoperative rehabilitation were compared between the two groups. Results After the implementation of mode of combination of medical care and rehabilitation for 1 months, 3 months and 6 months, medical self-care ability and SF-36 evaluation between the two groups (P<0.05).The overall well-being scores in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The satisfaction to postoperative rehabilitation in the study group was 95%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (89%). Conclusions The application of medical and nursing combination mode in postoperative rehabilitation of elderly patients in orthopedics department is an extension and upgrade of existing models, which pays more attentions to particularity of pension services and life care and health care of the aged patients. This mode is an endowment service model integrating medical rehabilitation service, health examination consultation, rehabilitation of large diseases and hospice care. The postoperative rehabilitation based on combination of medical care model can greatly reduce the incidence of postoperative complications in elderly patients in orthopedics department, improve self-care ability, the quality of life and patients' satisfaction, reduce their loneliness, and enhance the happiness index of the elderly patients.