Abstract: Objective To analyze the Predictive diagnosis value of peripheral blood inflammation index for infection after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of primary hepatic carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of primary hepatic carcinoma patients undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment in our hospital from 2015 to 2017 were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups by postoperative infection, Group A:infection, n=18; Group B:without infection, n=96. The levels of CRP, IL-10 and IL-8 were tested and compared between the two groups at 24 hours after TACE. The infection predictive diagnosis value was analyzed by ROC. Results Twenty-four hours after TACE, Group A had higher level of CRP than that of Group B, the difference was statistically significant[(26.5±5.2) mg/L vs. (19.7±4.6) mg/L; t=5.638, P<0.01]; Group A had higher level of IL-8 after 24 h than that of Group B, the difference was statistically significant[(39.6±7.3) ng/L vs. (16.9±3.8) ng/L; t=19.600, P<0.01]; however, there was no significant difference in the level of IL-10 between the two group[(16.1±4.6) ng/L vs. (17.3±5.2) ng/L; t=0.914, P=0.363]. ROC analysis showed that the IL-8 for the prediction of infection after TACE using optimal cut-off point (22.14 ng/L) provided a sensitivity of 83.33% and a specificity of 89.58%, with an AUC of 0.926, which was better than these of CRP. Correlation analysis showed that, for Group A patients, the levels of CRP had significant positive correlation with IL-8 (t=0.352, P<0.01). Conclusion The level of IL-8 showed a well value of postoperative infection predictive diagnosis for primary hepatic carcinoma patients undergoing TACE.