Abstract: Objective To explore the significance of diagnostic kit for IgM antibody to human EV71 in early diagnosis, treatment and control of enterovirus infection in infants and young children. Methods The colloidal gold method EV71-IgM antibody test was performed in 101 infants and young children with fever and/or rash in our hospital between April and September, 2017. According to the test result, the triage, disinfection and isolation was conducted to control the source of infection, cut off the means of transmission, protect susceptible children, and avoid nosocomial cross infection. The targeted treatment was performed to the confirmed cases on the basis of test results, medical history and clinical manifestation. And the direct network reporting of infectious disease was also finished. A total of 101 cases were also grouped by gender, age of the patients and test month, the positive rate of EV71-IgM antibody was compared between each groups. Results There were 17 cases of EV71-IgM antibody positive in 101 patients, and the EV71 infection rate was 16.83%; positive detection rate in male patients was 20.69% (12/58), and in female patients was 11.63% (5/43), with no statistically significant difference (χ²=1.448,P>0.05). There was significant difference in positive detection rate between age groups (χ²=9.166,P<0.05). Positive cases were detected in each month, and the positive detection rate was a seasonal trend. The patients with positive EV71-IgM antibody were immediately separated and isolated. Fourteen cases were diagnosed as HFMD with EV71 infection; 3 cases of herpes simplex laryngitis with EV71 infection. Thirteen patients were treated in the outpatient clinic and 3 patients were hospitalized. All the positive children were cured and received outpatient or telephone follow-up, with good prognosis. The infectious disease epidemic situation of this 14 EV71 infected children was uploaded to the hospital preventive and health department. The cases were classified as laboratory confirmed cases. Conclusion EV71-IgM test can promote the early identification of EV71 infection, early screening, early diagnosis and treatment and early intervention, which shows a good application value for early diagnosis of HFMD.