Abstract: Objective To investigate the relevant clinical data in a hospital and analyze the risk factors of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods By adopting the method of retrospective investigation and analysis, 240 hospitalized patients from January, 2016 to December, 2016 were collected in Guangdong pharmaceutical university. According to the merger of DPN, the patients were divided into DPN group and NDPN group. The data were compared between two groups, including demographic data (gender, age, course of the disease, smoking history, drinking history, marital status, account type, payment method), physical examination data(BMI, SBP, DBP), the relevant biochemical information(FBG, 2 h PG, HbA1c, FC-P, 2 h C-P, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, FFA, BUN, UA, Scr) and whether merger of complications(HTN, CHD, DR, DN, PVD) via multivariable Logistic regression method to analyze the risk factors of T2DM patients with DPN. Results The age, course, CHD, DR, FBG, FFA in DPN group were significantly higher than those in NDPN group (P<0.05); 2 h C-P, BUN, UA were significantly lower than those in NDPN group (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.558, 95% CI:1.051-2.310), course of disease(OR=1.758, 95% CI:1.078-2.866), FBG(OR=1.091, 95% CI:1.006-1.183), 2 h C-P(OR=0.643, 95% CI:0.352-0.843) and DR (OR=2.649, 95% CI:1.422-4.934) were closely correlated with DPN occurrence. Conclusion Age, course of disease, FBG and DR are the high risk factors of DPN occurrence in patients with T2DM, and 2 h C-P is the protective factor of DPN.