Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion in the treatment of single segment Ⅰ and Ⅱ degenerative spondylolisthesis. Methods A total of 92 patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis were selected from June, 2015 to June, 2017. They were randomly divided into 46 cases in the control group and 46 cases in the observation group.The control group was treated by conventional open surgery,and the observation group received minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion. The operative related indicators,lumbar function, pain degree and postoperative complications of the two groups were observed. Results Intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group. Postoperative hospitalization time was shorter than that in the control group, and the operative time was significantly longer than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in lumbar function and pain between the two groups before operation (P>0.05). After 3 months, the JOA score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the ODI index and VAS score were significantly lower than those in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of complication was 2.17% in 1 case of incision infection, 3 cases of incision infection, 1 case of dural capsule tear, 1 case of fusion device were poor, and the incidence of complication was 17.39%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive intervertebral foramen interbody fusion for treatment of single segmental Ⅰ and Ⅱ degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis can effectively relieve pain in patients. It can reduce bleeding during operation and reduce complication risk. It is worth popularizing.