Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors for pulmonary infection in chronic renal failure patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Methods A total of 344 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis with a duration of more than 6 months from January, 2011 to December, 2016 in the department of blood purification center in Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Among them, 179 cases (52.0%) were male and 165 cases (48.0%) were female. The mean age was (56.7 ± 16.3) years. The 344 patients were dichotomized into the pneumonia group (52 cases, 15.1%) and the non-pneumonia group (292 cases, 84.9%), based on whether or not suffering pneumonia on the duration of hemodialysis. The data of the two groups, including demography, medical history, and renal function before the first time of hemodialysis, the level of calcium phosphorus metabolism and anemia, proportion of kidney disease were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was applied to reveal the risk factors of pneumonia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥ 60 years (OR=1.833, 95% CI:1.216-2.521, P=0.023), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.542, 95% CI:1.178-2.934, P=0.035), cardiac functional grading (OR=3.325, 95% CI:2.154-5.243, P<0.001) and hemoglobin (Hb) <70 g/L (OR=2.119, 95% CI:1.745-3.634, P=0.014) were independent risk factors. Conclusion Pneumonia is a common complication in the patients undergoing hemodialysis. Age ≥ 60 years, diabetes mellitus, cardiac functional grading and Hb < 70 g/L are independent risk factors of pneumonia in the patients undergoing hemodialysis, which need the early assessment and intervention.