Abstract: Objective To detect the microelements content of whole blood in preschoolers of Hangzhou and to understand the current situation of the microelement content of whole blood for preschoolers to provide basis for targeted nutritional guidance. Methods A total of 2 236 cases of preschoolers, who received physical examination and nutrition consultation in the department of pediatrics from Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang from January, 2014 to June, 2016, were selected and divided into infant group (328 cases), young children group(732 cases) and preschool children group (1176 cases) according to their ages. Six elements includingcopper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, ferrum, plumbum in all blood were determined by the Jinan Qili QL8000 automatic microelement analyzer. The results were counted, compared and analyzed. Results The abnormal rates of iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, copper and plumbum were 14.4%, 29.6%, 20.6%, 0.7%, 4.6% and 1.5% respectively. Comparison of the determination of the value of these elements in different age groups were statisticallydifferent (all P<0.01). The most of microelements deficiency were about ferrum, zinc, and calcium, while the lack of rate of copperand plumbum poisoning rate were lower. The highest rate of ferrum and zinc deficiency were in the infants group, and the deficiency rate of ferrum in young children group was higher than that in preschool children group (P<0.05). The deficiency rate of ferrum and zincin whole bloodhad statistical significance in different gender groups (all P<0.01). However, the deficiency rate of calcium, magnesium, copper and plumbum poisoning had no statistical significance (all P>0.05). Conclusion In the period of fast growth and development of children, it is prone to trace unbalance of microelements. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the nutrition management of preschool children by supplied microelements reasonably and prevented plumbumpoisoning actively.