Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between serum levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and medication overuse headache (MOH) in the elderly patients. Methods Sixty elderly patients diagnosed with MOH were enrolled in the study group from July, 2014 to July, 2015, and 60 elderly patients who were treated with non-drug overdose were selected from our hospital The patients were divided into two groups according to the VAS score and the serum bFGF concentration. The patients in the MOH group were graded according to the degree of headache. The analgesic drugs taken by the patients were analyzed. The levels of bFGF and the degree of pain were analyzed. The patients were followed by withdrawal and prophylaxis in the MOH group. The VAS score and serum bFGF concentration were compared between 1 month, 2 months and 3 months after treatment. Results ① The VAS score and serum bFGF concentration in the MOH group were significantly higher than those in the non-MOH group (P<0.01); ②There was a positive correlation between the serum bFGF concentration and the headache grade and VAS score (P>0.05). ③ One month and two months after treatment, there were no significant differences in VAS scores between the two groups (P>0.05), and the difference was not significant (P>0.05) After 3 months, the patient's headache was relieved, the VAS score decreased, and the corresponding serum bFGF concentration decreased, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion Serum bFGF can be used as a reference index for diagnosis of MOH. In elderly patients, bFGF concentration is positively correlated with MOH headache level, and it can be used as an evaluation index.