Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease and diabetes in the community health physical examination population and to analyze the relationship between ankle-brachial index and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and related influencing factors, so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic diseases in community population. Methods A total of 456 community residents who received physical examination in community health service center from March to May 2016 were selected as the research objects. The age, gender, height, weight, SBP, DBP, heart rate, blood biochemical indexes, and the body mass index (BMI) and pulse pressure (PP) are calculated by the formula. The prevalence of hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease and diabetes were collected and investigated at the same time; All subjects underwent ABI testing and divided into normal group (>0.9) and abnormal group (≤ 0.9) according to ABI value. Results Comparative ABI normal and abnormal group, age, SBP, PP, creatinine were statistically significant (P<0.05); The prevalence rates of hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease and diabetes in the normal ABI group were 52.50%, 31.43%, 31.79%, 24.64%, and the prevalence rates of hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease and diabetes in ABI abnormal group were 63.64%, 64.20%, 72.16% and 39.20%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, PP and coronary heart disease were independent risk factors for ABI abnormalities (P<0.05), and the coronary heart disease with abnormal ABI was significantly correlated (β=1.666, P<0.001). Conclusion ABI detection in community residents found that age, PP, coronary heart disease are the independent risk factors for ABI decreased. Coronary heart disease is strongly positive correlated with ABI decreased, we should increase the screening of coronary heart disease in community physical examination crowd, and actively control blood pressure, prevent and delay the occurrence and development of arterial disease.