Abstract: Numerous studies have found that pregnancy has a close relationship with platelet antibody. Due to alloimmune or autoimmune factors, pregnant women may produce platelet antibodies, which can make their way through the placental barrier into fetal blood circulation and cause antigen antibody response combined with fetal platelet, which leads to a series of fetal thrombocytopenic hemorrhagic disease and eventually makes the pregnant women in early abortion,recurrent miscarriage or the newborn in immune thrombocytopenia. Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is a neonatal hemorrhagic disease caused by alloimmune factors. The incidence of this disease in Caucasian population is about 0.1%, and the incidence rate in Japanese population is about 0.15%, but there is no statistical data in China in this field. The disease is urgent, which can cause extensive hemorrhage in overall skin and organ. Serious case can appear intracranial hemorrhage or even death. Therefore, platelet antigen antibody detection during pregnancy is of great significance,which can efficiently explore the etiology of recurrent miscarriage, early predict and prevent the occurrence of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. At present, the detection technology of platelet antigen antibody mainly includes serology and molecular biology technology, and a series of advanced detection technology have been developed at home and abroad. This paper presents the latest research progress on the classification of platelet antigen antibody, the generation and pathogenesis of platelet antibodies, the latest detection methods of platelet antigen antibody, and the research status of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, in order to arouse the attention of clinicians and pregnant women,in order to provide important reference basis for promotion of platelet antigen antibody detection in pregnant women in daily prenatal.