Abstract: Objective To construct a self-management behavior scale for patients with osteoporosis and test its validity and reliability. Methods A total of 597 osteoporosis patients were selected for questionnaire survey by convenient sampling from 20 community health service centers, which involved in the pilot project of standard treatment and management of osteoporosis in Shanghai. Results The item analysis showed that the CR value of all items was greater than 3, and the correlation with the total score was significant, with correlation coefficient greater than 0.3. The result of validity analysis showed that I-CVI was 1 for all items except for 2 items with a lower I-CVI. In the revised scale, both S-CVl/UA and S-CVI/Ave were 1. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract three components and the cumulative variance explained was 78.373%. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that all goodness-of-fit statistics satisfied the model fitting requirements. The correlation coefficient between score of self-management behavior questionnaire and that of osteoporosis self-efficacy scale was 0.567, P<0.001. Reliability analysis showed that the overall Cronbach'α coefficient of this scale was 0.889 and the Cronbach'α coefficient of each dimension ranged from 0.812 to 0.928. The Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.956. Conclusion The osteoporosis self-management behavior scale has a good reliability and validity, and would have a wide range of practical value.