Abstract: Objective To investigate the levels of inflammatory and transforming factors in serum and auricular fluid in patients with secretory otitis media (SOM) and to analyze the correlation between the level of the index and the SOM. Methods Patients with SOM in our hospital from October, 2015 to January, 2017 were selected as the observation objects. They were divided into acute group, subacute group and chronic group, each group of patients with 30 cases, at the same time 30 healthy persons were selected as control group. The levels of inflammatory factors and transforming factors in the serum and ear fluid were compared between the groups, and the correlation between the indexes and SOM was analyzed. Comparison of multi-group index level was used a single factor analysis of variance levels between the two groups were compared with t test and the correlation analysis was analyzed by Spearman. Results The levels of inflammatory and transforming factors in the serum and middle ear effusion between the SOM patients and the control group were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group the levels of TNF-α, IL-5, IL-8, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were significantly increased in SOM patients the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the acute group levels of TNF-α, IL-5, IL-8, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in serum and middle ear effusion of subacute group and chronic group were significantly increased, and the indexes of chronic group were significantly higher than those in subacute group, the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that levels of TNF-α, IL-5, IL-8, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 levels in serum and middle ear effusion were positively correlated with SOM (all P<0.05). Conclusion Levels of serum inflammatory factors and transforming growth factors in patients with SOM are abnormal, and the inflammatory factors and transforming growth factor levels in serum and ear effusion are closely related to the severity of SOM.