Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of body mass index (BMI) and gender difference on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of rural residents in north-central of Zhejiang. Methods In four different villages of north-central of Zhejiang, 118 villagers groups of inhabitants (more than 5 years) age more than 18 years old were sampled to receive a questionnaire survey in chronic kidney disease, and to test BMI, kidney damage index and related risk factors. Results Screening from 1 627 cases of residents with complete information, there were 851 cases of normal weight, 54 patients in low weights groups, 578 cases of overweight, 144 cases of obesity. Peak incidence of ACR and CKD in patients with BMI of 18.5-23.9 kg/m². According to the data of rural population distribution in the sixth census of Zhejiang province and after age gender standardized, ACR prevalence was 7.88%, eGFR decline prevalence was 2.37%, the total prevalence of CKD was 9.21%, Binary classification Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, history of hypertension, FBG, UA, BMI were the independent risk factors of chronic kidney disease. Conclusion The prevalence of CKD of rural residents in north-central of Zhejiang has a growth trend as BMI increased, the prevalence of female was significantly higher than male.