Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of aerobic combined impedance on executive function and anxiety and depression of patients with traumatic brain injury. Methods From August, 2014 to February, 2016, 144 brain injury patients with cognitive impairment by the rehabilitation treatment in our hospital were selected as the study subjects and were equally divided into observation group and control group accorded with block randomization method.The control group was given conventional rehabilitation intervention, the observation group was given the aerobic combined impedance based on the control group, and the intervention periods in the two groups were 4 weeks. Results The NIHSS scores in the observation group and control group after intervention were 2.94±1.43 and 4.20±1.98 respectively that were significantly lower than the before intervention of 6.02±1.45 and 6.02±1.97 (P<0.05), and the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The compliance of the observation group was 98.6%, while that of the control group was 88.9%. The compliance of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The SDS and SAS scores of the observation group and the control group after intervention were significantly lower than those before the intervention, and the SDS and SAS scores in the observation group after intervention were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of aerobic combined impedance in brain injury patients with cognitive impairment can improve neurological function, improve the training executive function, and relieve anxiety and depression that has good application values.