Abstract: Objective To study the role of NLRP3 in myocardial function injury in patients with hypertension. Methods A total of 118 patients with hypertension were included in the observation group, and 100 healthy people in Taizhou Hospital were selected as the control group. We collected basic information of the two groups (sex, age, systolic pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure), detected the level of NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-6 and NT-proBNP, counted the white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and measured LVEF by cardiac color ultrasound. Results In the observation group, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure, the level of NLRP3, IL-6, IL-1β and NT-proBNP, count of white blood cells, lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly higher than those in the control group, while LVEF was significantly lower than that in the control group. The expression level of IL-6, IL-1β in patients with mild hypertension was not significantly different from that in the control group, and the expression level of IL-6, IL-1β in patients with moderate and severe hypertension was significantly higher than that in the control group. The level of NLRP3 was positively correlated with NT-proBNP and the count of white blood cell, lymphocyte and monocyte, but negatively correlated with LVEF. Conclusion NLRP3 inflammasome is highly expressed in patients with early hypertensive myocardial dysfunction, and its expression level is positively correlated with the degree of myocardial impairment in patients with hypertension.