Abstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a clinically common arrhythmia, characterized by rapid and disordered atrial electrical activity, with high risk of morbidity and stroke, ventricular dysfunction, heart rate formation damage and atrial thrombi is the main pathophysiological mechanisms leading to progression of symptoms in patients with atrial fibrillation and disease. The incidence of atrial fibrillation reconstructs atrial electrical remodeling and structure, while the atrial remodeling makes the occurrence and maintenance of AF worse. Epidemiological investigation suggests that the incidence of atrial fibrillation is increasing year by year, and often accompanied by thromboembolism and heart failure, with a high clinical fatality rate. At present, the main clinical treatment of atrial fibrillation is rhythmic control, ventricular rate control and stroke prevention. Studies have shown that when patients in the clinical stage of atrial fibrillation, the fatality rate and total medical resources than prevention interventions for atrial fibrillation were significantly increased. Therefore, it is very important to actively control the risk factors of atrial fibrillation. In recent years, the upstream treatment of atrial fibrillation has drawn increasing attention from many scholars. The upstream treatment of atrial fibrillation is a pointer to the etiology and mechanism of AF early intervention, so that the source is cut off or the formation and progression of atrial fibrillation is delayed. The current research on upstream atrial fibrillation treatment focused on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor block (ARB), aldosterone antagonists (Ald), statins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and other drugs. Recent studies have pointed out that the Chinese medicine treatment of three Fuin AF can also play an important role in in the upstream treatment. The researches on upstream atrial fibrillation treatment discussions will be reviewed in this paper.