Abstract: Objective Via the investigation and analysis of the status of radiation protection of ionization contact personnel in Hefei city, this study aims to find out problems and affecting factors of radiation protection, to intervene and to provide a basis for improving the radiation safety and personnel health. Methods By stratified cluster sampling of radiation protection, we collected 347 ionization contact personnel from September, 2015 to November, 2015 using the descriptive statistics, t test, variance analysis,rank sum test and other statistical analysis methods on the valid data. Results The scores of radiation protection cognition from 347 ionization contact personnel range from 5-19 points, and the average score is (14.38±2.12) points. The cognition statuses differ from levels of hospital (t=-4.854,P<0.001), types of job (Hc=8.039, P=0.018), different types of occupational exposure (F=4.631, P=0.003), which have statistical significance. Among the 347 ionization contact personnels, 175 (50.4%) attended over twice radiological training, 255(73.5%) radiologists regarded their institutions have safety organization management system, 44(12.7%) reported that they did not wear dosimeters, 11(3.2%) were even not equipped with dosimeter, 162(48.2%) did not know the result of the dosimeter, 72(20.8%) sometimes or never used the protection equipment, 15(4.3%) were not equipped with any protection methods, 335(96.5%) regard occupational health examination necessary, and 12(3.5%) regard the occupational health examination meaningless. Conclusion The 347 ionization contact personnel have insufficient radiological protection to some degree. The relevant management should strengthen the training of ionization contact personnel, together with strict supervision, health examination and protective articles, to improve the radiation safety and lower the health hazard risk of the ionization contact personnel.