Abstract: Objective To explore the safety and clinical significance of single-port video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and single-operation-port VATS in lobectomy for pulmonary diseases. Methods We selected 76 cases of patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy from January, 2017 to January, 2018 in thoracic surgery department of the first Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College. Among all the cases, 27 patients underwent single-port VATS (SP group); 49 patients underwent single-operation-port VATS (SOP group). The clinical data including operation time, intraoperative bleeding loss, the number of lymph node, the volume of drainage in the first three days, the chest tube time, postoperative hospital stay, incision pain VAS scores on postoperative day 3 and incidence of complications of the two different surgical approaches were collected and compared. Results No operative morality occurred in both groups.There were no statistical significances between the two groups in the operation time, the intraoperative bleeding loss, the number of lymph node, the chest tube time, the incidence of complications. While the SP group had significant less volume of drainage in the first three days, shorter postoperative hospital stay, incision pain VAS scores on postoperative day 3 as compared with the SOP group. No recurrence was found in both groups during a follow-up time of 6 months. Conclusion Single-port video-assisted thoracic surgery in lobectomy for benign and malignant pulmonary diseases is safe, effective and worthy of promotion.