Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiology and influencing factors of RV infection in neonates, provide the theoretical basis for effective prevention and treatment of neonatal RV infection. Methods Total 2 026 stool specimens were collected from neonates with diarrhea or non-diarrhea hospitalized in the Neonatology Department of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region during January, 2009 to December, 2010. RV was detected by ELISA. Clinical data were collected from the neonates to analyze the influence factors associated with rotavirus infection with SPSS 17.0 statistical software. Results RV detection rate was 14.22% (288/2 026) during the monitoring period.It was 17.78% (176/990) in 2009, and it was 10.81% (112/1 036) in 2010. Nosocomial infection accounted for 60.07% (173/288). RV detection rate in diarrheal neonates(48.68%) was significantly higher than that in non-diarrhea neonates (11.42%), P<0.001. Unvaried analysis associated with neonatal rotavirus infection showed that the difference in rotavirus infection incidence had no statistically significant in genders, nationalities and the modes of delivery (P>0.05). Rotavirus detection rates in different gestational ages, birth weights, ages, feeding modes and wards had all significant differences (P<0.001). Logistic regress analysis showed that the premature neonates were not easier to infect RV than the full-term neonates. The neonates with age of 8-14 days, or artificial feeding,or in general wards were significantly easier to infect RV than that within the first 7 days and 22-28 days, and with breast feeding, and in NICU, respectively. Conclusion RV was the main cause for diarrhea and nosocomial infection in newborns.Full-term, 8-14 days' age, artificial feeding and in general wards were susceptible factors for RV infection in newborns. Reasonable prevention and control strategy are to be made to effectively prevent neonatal RV infection.