Abstract: Objective To explore the etiology and pathology of female infertility and the relationship with age based on syndrome distribution and according to Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes implying the etiology and pathology. Methods Clinical data of 200 cases of female infertility from the reproductive department of Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital that diagnosed by deputy chief physician and chief physician were collected during the period from July2016 to December 2016. The distribution of syndromes on the basis of single syndrome as evidence was summed up, the distribution rules of syndromes of female infertility were summarized by descriptive analysis, the etiology and pathology were to explored, and the change of each syndrome in different age groups was clarified. Results There were 296 single syndromes in 200 patients. Kidney yang deficiency syndrome, liver depression syndrome, damp heat syndrome and blood stasis syndrome were the most common syndromes of female infertility, accounting for 31.42%, 23.65%, 21.62% and 14.86% respectively. They accounted for 91.55% of the total. The syndrome was closely related to age and the main syndromes of different ages were different. The main syndromes of 20-29 years old were dampness heat syndrome, kidney yang deficiency syndrome, liver depression syndrome and blood stasis syndrome. The main syndromes of 30-39 years old were kidney yang deficiency syndrome, liver depression syndrome, damp heat syndrome and blood stasis syndrome. The main syndromes of 40-49 years old were kidney yang deficiency syndrome, liver depression syndrome and kidney yin deficiency syndrome. Conclusion Kidney yang deficiency, liver qi stagnation, damp heat accumulation and stagnation of blood stasis are the main pathogenesis of female infertility. Each age group has its different characteristic of etiology and pathology. The pathology characteristic is damp heat accumulation in 20-29 years old, kidney deficiency and stagnation of liver in 30-39 years old and deficiency of kidney yang in 40-49 years old.