Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of umbilical cord blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the status of nutritional supply in neonate. Methods One hundred and sixty low birth weight infants were given intravenous injection and mixed intervention method for gastrointestinal tract, the 30 infants with Eu GR were classified as observation group, and 130 infants with non-EuGR were classified as control group; the status of nutritional supply were given assessment, the levels of umbilical cord blood BDNP and general information were given detection and general information survey. Results The birth gestational age, sex, body weight, body length and head circumference compared between the two groups were not significant difference (all P > 0.05). The incidence of severe infection, hyaline membrane disease, intracranial hemorrhage and other complications in the observation group was 30.0%, so that was 5.4% in the control group, the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). The levels of BDNF of the observation group and the control group were (2.56 ±1.21) ng/m L and (3.48 ±0.99) ng/m L, the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the Eu GR were significant correlated to the levels of BDNF, birth body weight, severe infection, hyaline membrane disease in the low birth weight infants (all P < 0.05); Logistic regression analysis showed that the low level of BDNF, severe infection, hyaline membrane disease were the main risk factors for the Eu GR in the low birth weight infants (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The nutritional supply in low birth weight infant is more insufficient and has a relatively high incidence of Eu GR, the levels of umbilical cord blood BDNF and nutrient supply conditions have obvious correlation, but also the the risk factors for affecting Eu GR occurrence.