Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the function of liver and kidney in the surgery for large vessels. Methods Total 57 patients undergoing surgery for large vessels in Henan Chest Hospital from February 2015 to July 2017 were selected and randomly divided into observation group (n=30) and control group (n=27). The observation group was given pressured remote ischemic preconditioning, while the control group was only treated with tourniquet, operations, the liver function and renal function at before the operation (T0), 1 h (T1), 6 h (T2), 24 h (T3) and 48 h (T4) after CPB were observed and compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant difference in the operation time, extracorporeal circulation time, aorta blocking time, ICU stay time and hospitalization time in the observation group and the control group (all P>0.05); the levels of ALT, AST, TBIL and HMGB1 of the observation group and the control group at the time of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were higher than those at the T0 (all P<0.05); At the time of T1, T2, T3 and T4, the levels of ALT, AST, TBIL and HMGB1 of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05); The levels of Scr, BUN and KIM-1 in the observation group and the control group at the time of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were higher than those at the T0 (all P<0.05); The levels of Scr and BUN of T4 in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05); The KIM-1 of T2, T3 and T4 in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion The application of remote ischemic preconditioning in the surgery for large vessels has a certain protective effect on the injury of the liver and kidney, and has a certain clinical value.