Abstract: Objective To explore the predictive value of serological markers β-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and visinin like protein 1 (VILIP-1) for vascular dementia (VaD) after cerebral infarction. Methods Totally 338 patients with acute stoke were selected and divided into 2 groups according to whether attacked by VaD, including 68 cases in VaD group and 270 cases in non- VaD group. Venous blood of all the subjects was extracted to detect serum Aβ1-42, sICAM-1 and VILIP-1 levels. And the predictive value of each index was analyzed by ROC curve. Results The serum level of Aβ1-42, sICAM-1 and VILIP-1 of VaD group were all higher than non- VaD group both in hospitalization and discharging, the modified Rankin score of VaD group were both higher than non- VaD group in 3 months and 6 months after discharging, the difference between groups had statistical significance (P<0.05). ROC analysis results showed that serum Aβ1-42, sICAM-1 and VILIP-1 levels at the time of hospitalization and discharging all had predictive value for VaD. The optimal operating point of Aβ1-42, sICAM-1 and VILIP-1 levels at the time of hospitalization were 87.5 ng/L, 408.0 ng/L and 11.5 ng/L, the sensitivity were 52.9%, 67.6% and 35.3%, and the specificity were 83.7%, 71.9% and 92.6%. The optimal operating point of Aβ1-42, sICAM-1 and VILIP-1 levels at the time of discharging were 60.0 ng/L, 264.0 ng/L and 7.5 ng/L, and the sensitivity were 85.3%, 79.4% and 64.7%, the specificity were 57.8%, 61.5% and 68.9%. Conclusion Serological markers Aβ1-42, sICAM-1 and VILIP-1 have good predictive value for VaD after cerebral infarction.