Abstract: Objective To study the correlation between vitamin A and E levels and respiratory tract infection in children, and to analyze the risk factors of recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) in children in island area of Yuhuan. Methods A total of 452 hospitalized and outpatient children in Yuhuan people's Hospital from August 2017 to April 2018 were divided into RRTI group (142 cases), bronchopneumonia group (158 cases) and healthy physical examination group (152 cases). The rates of vitamin A, vitamin E deficiency and anemia were compared among the three groups. The differences of vitamin A, vitamin E and hemoglobin levels between the three groups were compared. RRTI was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results The vitamin A deficiency rate in RRTI group was significantly higher than that in bronchopneumonia group and healthy physical examination group (P<0.05), and the vitamin A deficiency rate in bronchopneumonia group was higher than that in healthy physical examination group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in vitamin E deficiency rate among the three groups (P>0.05). The anemia rate in the RRTI group was significantly higher than that in the health examination group (P=0.002). There were significant differences in vitamin A and hemoglobin levels among the three groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in vitamin E levels among the three groups (P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis based on univariate analysis showed that vitamin A deficiency, passive smoking, premature delivery, anemia, frequent infusion and nursery school were all independent risk factors for RRTI (P<0.05), and breast feeding was an independent protective factor (P<0.05). Conclusion The rate of vitamin A deficiency was higher and vitamin E deficiency was not obvious in children in the island area of Yuhuan, and RRTI in children was related to many factors, among which vitamin A deficiency was an important reason.