Abstract: Objective As a lower limb ischemic chronic disease, lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans is often accompanied by a variety of complications, high disability rate and mortality, which is a major problem in clinical nursing work. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of mindfulness decompression therapy on anxiety, depression and sleep quality in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans. Methods A total of 55 patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and randomized into an intervention group (n=28) and a control group (n=27). In the intervention group and the control group, both patients received routine treatment and nursing, and the intervention group received one and a half hours of mind-mining decompression therapy at a fixed time interval of 6:00-7:30 in the morning, while the control group was in the control group. The rest of the period was kept quiet and the total intervention time lasted for 4 weeks. The anxiety, depression and sleep quality of the two groups were evaluated before and after treatment. Results There were no significant differences in demographic data, baseline anxiety self-rating scale, depression self-rating scale score, sleep time, sleep time, and sleep efficiency score between the two groups (P>0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the anxiety self-rating scale, depression self-rating scale, sleep time, sleep time and sleep efficiency of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Mindfulness decompression therapy can effectively improve the anxiety and depression of patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans, reduce their sleep time, increase their sleep time and sleep efficiency, improve their sleep quality, and thus help improve the patient's condition and promote the recovery of patients. Improve patient satisfaction with care.