Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors and preventative measures for inhaled nitric oxide in persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN). Methods A retrospective study was conducted at the neonatal department of the Anqing Municipal Hospital in 42 infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension treated by inhaled nitric oxide from August 2014 to October 2018. They were divided into two groups, namely 27 patients with good prognosis and 15 patients with poor prognosis according to the prognosis of patients. Analysis of factors including gender, birth weight, gestational age, delivery way, amniotic fluid pollution, history of suffocation, fetal distress, use of pulmonary surfactant and complications, immediate arterial blood for neonatal asphyxia(the pH value, the BE value, PaO₂, PaCO₂), blood sugar level, blood calcium, age of mother, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, time of mechanical ventilation, and time of inhaled nitric oxide, etc. The data were compared by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Univariate analysis showed that preterm delivery, fetal distress, weight, time of mechanical ventilation, time of inhaled nitric oxide, use of pulmonary surfactant and complications were the risk factors (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that preterm delivery, time of inhaled nitric oxide, complications and use of pulmonary surfactant were the main risk factors. Conclusion Patients with premature delivery, time of inhaled nitric oxide and complications with persistent pulmonary arterial hypertension were treated by inhaled NO had poor outcomes. The application of pulmonary surfactant can improve the outcome .