Abstract: Objective To treat the early low perianal abscess patients with self-made traditional Chinese medicine decoction, observe the signs score and the levels of inflammatory cytokine before and after the treatment, and explore the clinical effect of self-made traditional Chinese medicine decoction in the treatment of early low perianal abscess, so as to provide a new choice for clinical treatment. Methods A total of 120 cases of early low perianal abscess in our hospital between October 2013 and October 2018 were selected and divided into observation group (n=63) and control group (n=57) according to the different treatment methods. The patients in the control group took orally 0.2 g of levofloxacin and metronidazole, three times a day, while the patients in the observation group took orally self-made traditional Chinese medicine decoction on the basis of the control group, and one dose of self-made traditional Chinese medicine decoction a day. All patients were treated for 14 days. The clinical effect, the symptoms and signs score of two groups were compared before and after the treatment. And the levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after the treatment. Results The clinical effect in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); After the treatment, the scores of anal pain, general symptom, tumor size and texture in both groups were significantly lower than those before the treatment (P<0.05), and the observation group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05); The levels of TNF-α, PGE2 and hs-CRP in both groups were significantly lower than those before the treatment (P<0.05), and the observation group were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05), the level of IL-10 in both groups was significantly higher than that before treatment (P<0.05), and the observation group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The self-made traditional Chinese medicine decoction for early low perianal abscess has remarkable clinical effect, which can effectively improve the symptoms and signs of patients and reduce the inflammatory response.