Abstract: Objective To explore the influencing factors and effects of nutritional intervention on type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with exercise therapy. Methods From October 2014 to October 2016, 105 patients who met the inclusion criteria in the Ruijin Hospital Endocrine Clinic were randomly divided into the experimental group (53 cases) and the control group (52 cases). The control group received routine treatment with exercise therapy, and the experimental group underwent nutritional therapy intervention on the basis of the control group. After three years of intervention, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin levels in each of the two groups were compared. The demographic indicators (gender, group, year, education, place of residence and course of disease) were used as independent variables. The multiple regression analysis was done using fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin as dependent variables. Results The values of FBG, PBG and HbA1c in the experimental group and the control group were different in 2015 and 2016 compared with 2014 (P<0.001). From 2014 to 2016, the FBG, PBG and HbA1c of the experimental group were lower than those in the control group and had statistical significance (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that FBG, PBG and HbA1c were the influencing factors on gender, intervention, year, education, place of residence and age. The decline trend of blood glucose indicators in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, which proved that nutrition intervention for patients with type 2 diabetes exercise therapy can control blood glucose more effectively. Conclusion Good nursing nutrition intervention is an effective measure to control blood glucose index.