Abstract: Objective To understand the current distribution of blood-borne occupational exposure among healthcare workers and analyze the risk factors and regular pattern of exposure, providing evidence for prevention and control measures. Methods According to the blood-borne pathogen occupational contact registration form filled out by nosocomial infection department workers from January 2014 to June 2018, the total cases who had blood-borne occupation exposure were investigated and verified by retrospective survey, and the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS 20.0 software. Results A total of 234 cases of blood-borne occupational exposure occurred in the hospital. Among them, the proportion of under 30 years old was the highest (75.64%), and the working age less than 5 years was the largest (68.80%). The main personnel category was nurses (53.42%), followed by clinicians and practice nurses and exposure occurred in a wide range of departments, including the operating room (17.95%) and the emergency department (8.12%). Besides, needle stick injury was the mainly exposure method. In addition, the operation process was the main part of the exposure (38.03%), followed by the needle removal and disposal of the needle (32.05%). It was the main exposure reason that unskilled factors cause the improper operation and the rebound of infusion blood collection needle. The positive exposure accounted for 62.82%, and the hepatitis B was the most pathogen (49.57%), while the wearing rate of suitable protective equipment was only 36.32%. The actual preventive drug use rate after exposure was 80.77%. Conclusion It is of great significance to formulate targeted prevention and control measures according to the exposure characteristics, and strengthen occupational protection training to effectively prevent occupational exposure and reduce occupational injuries.