Abstract: Objective To explore the application of drug identification in the management of leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods A total of 41 nursing staff working in the hematology department of Hangzhou Dingqiao hospital from June 2016 to June 2017 were selected as research objects, including 18 nursing staff from June 2016 to December 2016 as the control group and 23 nursing staff from January 2017 to June 2017 as the observation group. In the control group, drug identification was not implemented, while in the observation group drug identification was managed. The work efficiency of nurses, incidence of adverse reactions and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The rate of error event for medicine was 3.55% and the drug configuration time (9.26±2.17) min in the observation group, 19.72% and (18.95±3.56) s in the control group, respectively. The rate of error event for medicine and drug configuration time in the observation group was significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05); Three cases in the observation group were with adverse reactions (phlebitis, oral ulcer, nausea and vomiting) with an incidence of 5.26%; 10 cases were with the adverse reactions in the control group, with an incidence of 24.39%; the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05); The patients satisfaction of the observation group was 92.98%, and that of the control group was 73.17%, the satisfaction of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Drug identification can significantly improve the working efficiency of nursing staff, improve patient satisfaction and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and it is worthy of clinical promotion.