Abstract: Objective To explore the morbidity rate of hyperuricemia and the prevalence of HLA-B*5801 allele in southern Zhejiang, and discuss the necessity of screening HLA-B*5801 allele for preventing serious adverse skin reactions caused by allopurinol medication. Methods Total 289 cases of hyperuricemia taking allopurinol in our hospital were enrolled into this study, and their blood samples were prepared for HLA-B*5801 allele test by using the Sequence-Specific Oligonudeotide (SSO) technique. The blood samples of 11 344 healthy subjects in southern Zhejiang were randomly sampled from medical repository for the overall incidence of hyperuricemia. Results Among 289 patients taking allopurinol, the allele frequency of HLA-B*5801 was 20.7% (60/289), there was no significant difference in gender, age and diseases (P>0.05); The average blood uric acid level of 11 344 healthy subjects was (339.38±95.93)μmol/L, for difference gender, the level in men was (381.88±90.58)μmol/L, and in women was (294.79±78.51)μmol/L, the difference was statistically significant (t=54.609，P<0.001). Male aged 20 to 30 years old taken up the highest incidence of 37.28% (χ²=71.171, P<0.05), however, female ager over 70 years old reached the highest incidence of 29.83% (χ²=168.400, P<0.05), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Among them, the incidence of hyperuricemia was 30.75%(1 786/5 808)in man and 16.31%(903/5 536) in women, the difference was statistically significant(χ²=326.800, P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of hyperuricemia in southern Zhejiang is high, and the incidence in males is higher than that in females. The onset age in man tends to be younger, which reminds clinicians to pay more attentions. At the same time, before the patients taking allopurinol, to analyze the frequency of HLA-B*5801 gene is necessary to prevent the serious adverse skin reactions caused by allopurinol medication.