Abstract: Objective To investigate clinical diagnositic value of neutrophil CD64 development of maternal puerperal infections, to provide evidence for its early diagnosis. Methods The clinical data of 167 patients with puerperal fever treated in our hospital from December 2015 to February 2016 were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups with maternal puerperal infections: infection group were 34 cases and non-infection group were 133 cases. The neutrophil CD64 were detected with puerperal fever at 0, 12, 24, 48 h and 72 h, to evaluate the risk of maternal infection. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the significant parameters were generated to evaluate the diagnostic value of neutrophil CD64 at different time points. Results There were 34 patients in the case group, with an average age of 29.03±1.07 years and an average gestational age of 39.01±1.11 weeks. In the control group, 133 subjects had an average age of (28.88±1.71) years and an average gestational age of 39.49±1.31 weeks. There was no significant difference in age, gestational age and body mass index (BMI) between the two groups (all P>0.05). The neutrophil CD64 in the infected group were no significant difference than the non-infected group in postpartum fever at 0 h, 12 h (all P>0.05). The neutrophil CD64 in the infected group were significantly higher than the non-infected group in postpartum fever at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h (all P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that area under the ROC curve of postpartum fever at 24, 48 h and 72 h of neutrophil CD64 were 0.803, 0.879 and 0.947, the sensitivity was 76.7%, 81.3% and 83.3%, the specificity was 84.8%, 88.3% and 89.1%, respectively. Conclusion The elevated abnormally of neutrophil CD64 has major detective value for the development of maternal puerperal infections with puerperal fever at 24-72 h.