Abstract: Objective At present, studies on sarcopenia China is still a little, and there are fewer such studies in Chongqing. And most of the previous study included no middle-aged population. We speculate whether certain factors in the middle-aged period will be related to the disease of sarcopenia. In order to explore the risk factors and the prevalence of sarcopenia in Chongqing, and provide a reliable basis for the strategies for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, this investigation was carried out. Methods The physical examiners of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from December 2017 to January 2018 whose age ≥ 40 years old was included in the study. Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Skeletal muscle mass was obtained from the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), muscle strength was assessed with handgrip strength (HS), and physical function was assessed with gait speed (GS). On-site questionnaires to collect suspected risk factors.And related laboratory biochemical indicators were collected. According to the results, the populations were divided into the sarcopenia group and the non- sarcopenia group, and the multivariate and independent variable logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the suspected risk factors. Results A total of 769 physical medical examiners were collected, including 416 males and 353 females. There were 32 patients with sarcopenia, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 4.16%, for male was 2.88%, and for female was 5.67%, 5.67% for aged＞60 years old. logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for sarcopenia included: body mass index (OR=0.374, 95% CI:0.270-0.517), body water (OR=0.784, 95% CI:0.665-0.924). Conclusion Body mass index is associated with sarcopenia, as well as body water. They are negatively correlated with sarcopenia. For the middle-aged and elderly population, ensuring adequate water intake and maintaining a normal body mass index is the key to preventing sarcopenia.