Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between serum levels of cystatin C and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Polymyositis (PM). Methods A total of 88 cases patients with PM in the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu from January 2006 to September 2017 were selected and divided into group A (with elevated serum cystatin C, n=53) and B group (normal serum cystatin C, n=35) according to serum cystatin C level. The clinical features were compared between the two groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to analyze the correlation between serum cystatin C and cardiovascular risk factors such as age, systolic pressure (SBP), triglyceride (TG). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related cardiovascular risk factors of serum cystatin C. Results The prevalence of elevated serum cystatin C was 60.2% (53/88). There were significant statistical differences in age (P=0.008) and triglyceride (P=0.004) between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum cystatin C levels was positively correlated with age (r=0.296, P<0.05) and TG (r=0.282, P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TG (OR=2.415, 95% CI: 1.189-4.905) was closely associated with serum cystatin C level in patients with PM (P<0.05). Conclusion Changes of serum cystatin C concentration may be associated with TG.