Abstract: Objective To understand the epidemic trend of chronic diseases in China, explore the main risk factors affecting chronic diseases, and put forward management strategies and measurements to prevent chronic diseases, and provide reference for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in China. Methods Based on the data of "China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook 2015", trend of chronic diseases was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. From the perspective of system engineering, the archetypes of the main risk factors was constructed using the systems archetypes analysis of Peter St. Gill. The causal structure was systematically analyzed, and the corresponding management countermeasures and suggestions were put forward. Results The prevalence of chronic diseases in China was 33.1% in 2013, which was higher than that in 2003 (15.1%). Increasing prevalence of hypertension (9.89% in 2013 vs. 1.19% in 2003) and diabetes (2.65% in 2013 vs. 0.22% in 2003) was one of the main reasons for the rapid growth of chronic diseases. Chronic diseases have become the main cause of death for urban and rural residents in China. Environment, life and behavioral factors, population ageing, and genetic factors were the main influencing factors of chronic diseases. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases in China has increased significantly and shown a younger trend, which brings challenges to China's social and economic development. Analyzing the risk factors of chronic diseases by using the system archetypes method can reflect the dynamic and integrity of the feedback structure and behavior of the system. This is not only the further development of the methodological research, but also the specific application of the archetypes analysis method in the field of chronic diseases. It is suggested to increase government policy and financial support, strengthen community health education and health promotion, and promote the health management of bad lifestyles.