Effects of diet and exercise interventions under TTM on weight gain and perinatal outcomes during pregnancy
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摘要: 目的 探讨TTM模型下饮食和运动干预对妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者体重及围产结局的影响。 方法 选择2015年12月—2017年12月于海口市妇幼保健院就诊的GDM孕妇124例,按照随机数字表法将所有孕妇分为常规组(63例)和干预组(61例)。常规组给予常规干预指导,干预组则给予TTM模型下饮食和运动干预。而后观察并对比2组孕妇调查期间疾病相关知识掌握情况、分娩前一般情况、开始干预后实验室检查指标、围产结局、新生儿一般情况。 结果 干预组孕妇分娩前BMI及BMI增长量显著低于常规组[(25.37±0.93)kg/m2 vs. (26.14±1.04)kg/m2,(4.12±1.24)kg/m2 vs. (5.37±1.03)kg/m2;t=4.341、6.144,均P<0.001],胰岛素使用人数及糖控制欠佳再入院人数显著少于常规组(6 vs. 15,9 vs. 23;χ2=4.301、7.659,P=0.038、0.005)。干预组孕妇妊娠高血压、羊水过多人数显著低于常规组(4 vs. 12,2 vs. 13;P=0.031、0.007)。 结论 TTM模型下的饮食和运动干预能有效降低妊娠期BMI的增加,改善患者血糖水平,减少围产不良结局,从而促进母婴健康。Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of diet and exercise intervention on body weight and perinatal outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) under TTM model. Methods A total of 124 pregnant women with GDM who were admitted to our hospital from December 2015 to December 2017 were enrolled and divided into the conventional group (n=63) and the intervention group (n=61) according to the random number table method. Among them, the conventional group were given regular intervention guidance, while the intervention group were given diet and exercise intervention under the TTM model. The knowledge of the disease-related knowledge during the investigation, the general situation before childbirth, the laboratory test indicators after the intervention, the perinatal outcome, and the general condition of the newborn of the two groups were observed and compared. Results The increase of BMI and BMI before childbirth in the intervention group were significantly lower than that in the conventional group [(25.37±0.93) kg/m2 vs. (26.14±1.04) kg/m2, (4.12±1.24) kg/m2 vs. (5.37±1.03) kg/m2; t=4.341, 6.144, all P<0.001]. The number of insulin users and the re-admission with poor control of sugar were significantly less than those in the conventional group (6 vs. 15, 9 vs. 23; χ2=4.301, 7.659, P=0.038, 0.005). The number of pregnant women with hypertension and polyhydramnios in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group (4 vs. 12, 2 vs. 13, P=0.031, 0.007). Conclusion Diet and exercise interventions under the TTM model can effectively reduce the increase in BMI during pregnancy, improve blood sugar levels and reduce adverse outcomes, thus promoting maternal and infant health.
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Key words:
- Diabetes /
- Pregnancy /
- Transtheoretical model /
- Dietary intervention /
- Exercise intervention
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