The progress of research value of susceptibility weighted imaging in acute ischemic stroke
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摘要: 急性缺血性脑卒中是人类常见的死亡原因之一,对人类生存带来极大威胁,目前可依赖磁共振平扫、磁共振弥散成像等手段辅助该病的诊疗。但对于一些不典型的病例,诊断往往较为困难。而磁敏感加权成像可以缩小许多神经疾病的诊断范围,有助于明确诊断,不仅如此,随着人们对该技术认识的逐渐加深,它也越来越多的被应用于神经退行性疾病、颅内钙化与出血的鉴别、脑外伤患者的评价和脑肿瘤的定性和分级等。磁敏感加权成像是近年来发展起来的一种磁共振成像技术。它利用组织间的敏感性差异并通过相位图像检测它们的差异,对顺磁效应相对敏感,主要通过评价和评估不同组织的磁化率来获得图像。T2*加权梯度回波序列是其序列基础,具有高分辨率、高敏感性的优点。磁敏感血管征是与责任血管闭塞的部分相对应的一种低信号影,主要与脱氧血红蛋白的含量在责任血管形成的新鲜血栓明显增高有关,是缺血性卒中患者在磁敏感加权成像序列上的一种主要征象,人们对这一征象的认识也更加深刻。由于敏感性加权成像在神经病学中有多种应用,尤其对脑卒中患者的诊治更有价值,应纳入常规检查方案。本文根据磁敏感加权成像的原理就其在急性期缺血性脑卒中患者中的应用研究进展予以综述,主要从以下几个方面进行概述:脑微出血的评估作用、动脉血栓、病因及预后的评估作用、缺血半暗带的评估作用、侧支循环的评估作用。Abstract: Acute ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of death in humans, which brings a great threat to human survival. At present, the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke can be assisted by magnetic resonance plain scan, magnetic resonance diffusion imaging and other means. However, for some atypical cases, the diagnosis is often difficult. Magnetic sensitivity weighted imaging can narrow the diagnostic range of many neurological diseases and help to make a definite diagnosis. Moreover, with the deepening of people's understanding of the technology, it has been increasingly used in the identification of neurodegenerative diseases, intracranial calcification and hemorrhage, the evaluation of patients with brain trauma, and the qualitative and grading of brain tumors. Magnetic sensitivity weighted imaging is a kind of magnetic resonance imaging technology developed in recent years, which has the advantages of high resolution and high sensitivity. It utilizes the sensitivity differences between tissues and detects their differences through phase images. It is relatively sensitive to paramagnetic effects, mainly by evaluating the susceptibility of different tissues. T2* weighted gradient echo sequence is the basis of its sequence, which has the advantages of high resolution and high sensitivity. The magnetic susceptibility vessel sign is a low signal shadow corresponding to the occlusion of the responsible vessel. It is mainly related to the marked increase of deoxyhemoglobin content in the fresh thrombus of the responsible vessel formation. It is a main sign of the magnetic susceptibility weighted imaging sequence in patients with ischemic stroke. Because sensitivity-weighted imaging has many applications in neurology, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients, it should be included in the routine examination program. Based on the principle of magnetic sensitivity weighted imaging, this paper reviews the research progress of its application in patients with acute ischemic stroke, mainly from the following aspects: the evaluation of cerebral microhemorrhage, arterial thrombosis, the evaluation of etiology and prognosis, the evaluation of ischemic penumbra and collateral circulation.
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