Analysis of dietary nutrient intake and policy recommendations for primary and middle school students in Jiading District of Shanghai
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摘要: 目的 调查及分析上海市嘉定区儿童青少年日常饮食中能量和主要营养素的摄入情况,为调整学生合理膳食、制定科学有效的营养干预措施提供依据。 方法 利用“上海市中小学生膳食与健康状况监测及伤害调查”资料,选取调查中的6~17岁儿童青少年作为调查对象,采用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾询问法收集问卷资料,采用称重法进行学生学校及家庭调味品调查,获得能量及各种营养素的摄入量,并与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)对应指标进行比较。 结果 调查共纳入学生138人,其中男生68人,女生70人。学生能量、蛋白质摄入情况充足。其他主要营养素中,维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、铁等的摄入量达到了推荐量的标准,但维生素A、钙、锌等摄入相对不足,钠的摄入量远超推荐值。蛋白质供能比符合推荐标准,脂肪供能比偏高,碳水化合物供能比低于推荐百分比。 结论 上海市嘉定区中小学生每日膳食中能量和主要的几种营养素基本能够满足日常生长发育所需,但是仍然有部分营养素摄入量不足,低于推荐摄入量。能量的营养素来源存在不平衡的情况,碳水化合物摄入量稍显不足,脂肪供能比偏高。建议加强营养教育,改善学生的饮食习惯,日常膳食摄入以谷物为主,增加豆类及豆制品、奶类及其制品、新鲜蔬菜和水果等食品的食用,减少油炸食品等脂肪含量较高食物的摄入。Abstract: Objective To investigate and analyze the intake of energy and major nutrients in in the daily diet of children and adolescents in Jiading District, Shanghai, and provide a basis for adjusting students' reasonable diet and formulating scientific and effective interventions. Methods Using the data of "Monitoring and Injury Survey of Dietary and Health Status of Primary and Secondary School Students in Shanghai", the children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years old were selected as the survey subjects. The questionnaire data was collected by the continuous 3 d 24 h dietary review method. School and family condiments were weighed by weighing method. The energy and nutrient intake of students were obtained and compared with the reference intake of dietary nutrients(DRIs) of Chinese residents. Results The survey included 138 students, including 68 boys and 70 girls. All students had sufficient energy and protein intake. Among other major nutrients, intakes of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, iron had reached the recommended standard, but vitamin A, calcium, zinc and other intakes were relatively insufficient, while sodium intake far exceeded the recommended standard. The protein energy supply ratio meets the recommended standards, the fat supply ratio is higher, and the carbohydrate supply is lower than the recommended percentage. Conclusion The energy and main nutrients in the diet of primary and middle school students in Jiading District of Shanghai can basically meet the daily growth and development needs, but there are still some nutrient intakes, which are lower than the recommended intake. The source of energy nutrients is not balanced, carbohydrate intake is slightly insufficient and fat supply is higher. It is recommended to strengthen nutrition education, improve students' eating habits, eat dietary cereals, increase the intake of milk and its products, soybeans and their products, vegetables, fruits, etc., and reduce the high fat content of fried foods.
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Key words:
- Energy /
- Dietary survey /
- Nutrient /
- Intake
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