Abstract: Objective To analyze the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on biochemical indexes and inflammatory cytokines in serum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis through carrying out non-surgical periodontal treatment and routine treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis. Methods A total of 120 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild to moderate chronic periodontitis in Bozhou People's Hospital from August 2017 to February 2019,58 males and 62 females,aged(56.63 ± 10.96) years were collected. According to random number table,patients were divided into the non-surgical periodontal treatment group and the routine treatment group,60 cases each group. The non-surgical periodontal treatment group were received the routine treatment of diabetes,including diabetes education,periodontal health education,diet guidance,blood glucose control,and the non-surgical periodontal treatment,including plaque control,scaling and subgingival scaling(root planning),postoperative chlorhexidine gargle(3 times/d). The routine treatment group were only received the routine treatment of diabetes. The serum biochemical indexes(blood glucose,blood lipid,ratio of glycosylated hemoglobin,blood calcium,blood phosphorus,Creactive protein and inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10) before and after 3 months of treatment were compared. Results There was no significant difference in age,gender,BMI,waist circumference,fasting C-peptide,periodontitis condition,biochemical indexes and inflammatory factors between the two groups before treatment(all P>0.05). After 3 months of treatment,the blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin ratio,triglyceride,the levels of TNF-αand IL-1β in the non-surgical periodontal treatment group were significantly lower than those in the routine treatment group(all P<0.05). The levels of IL-10 in the non-surgical periodontal treatment group were significantly increased compared with those in the routine treatment group(all P<0.05). Conclusion Non-surgical periodontal treatment can improve the glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammatory state of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis by reducing the patients' level of blood glucose,blood lipid and adjust inflammatory cytokines.