Abstract: Objective To explore the etiology, development and treatment of vocal nodules, and provide a basis for the treatment of vocal nodules. Methods Total 63 patients with vocal nodules in the Department of Otolaryngology, the Third People's Hospital of Bengbu from January 2014 to January 2018 were selected as treatment group. The control group consisted of 60 patients with vocal nodules excised under fibro laryngoscopic under local anesthesia. All patients did not have acute laryngitis, epiglottic cyst and Renke's edema of vocal cord. There was no clinical difference between the two groups in age, sex and accompanying diseases. Results The treatment group received conservative treatment with less speech, avoiding loud voice, inhalation and Chinese patent medicine. After 12 months, the vocal nodules disappeared and the first third mucosa became slightly thicker. The control group underwent fibro laryngoscopic excision of vocal nodules. No new biological recurrence was found after 12 months' follow-up. A little white scar was found in the first third of the vocal cords. There was no significant difference in the effective rate and recurrence rate between the two groups(all P>0.05). The clinical concomitant symptoms of the two groups were statistically different(P<0.05). Conclusion There is no statistical significance in the changes of voice, the disappearance of tumor and the changes of clinical symptoms after vocal nodule conservative treatment and fibro laryngoscope excision. Therefore, the indications and contraindications of vocal nodule operation must be strictly controlled to avoid the flooding of operation.