Abstract: Objective To study interleukin-1 receptor-related kinase M(IRAKM) gene polymorphism in neonates and its relevance to premature delivery. Methods From January 2017 to December 2018, 1 300 pregnant women in our hospital were selected. A total of 300 premature infants were randomly selected as the preterm group and 50 as the control group. The general data of the two groups were collected, the expression of serum IRAKM mRNA in the two groups was detected, the IRAKM genotype was detected, and the correlation between the IRAKM gene polymorphism and preterm birth was analyzed. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups(all P>0.05). The expression of IRAKM mRNA in premature group was lower than that in control group, the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.05). There was significant difference in the frequency of IRAKM+22148 genotype and allele in preterm birth(all P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that g was the risk factor of premature delivery. Conclusion The polymorphism of IRAKM+22148 locus in neonates is associated with premature delivery, and carrying allele G may be a susceptible gene for premature delivery.