Abstract: Objective To understand the cognitive function and explore its influencing factors among perimenopausal women, so as to provide a theoretical basis for preventing the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment(MCI). Methods Perimenopausal women recruited from 2016-2017 in one physical examination center of Lanzhou by convenience sampling, and 1:1 matched case-control study design was conducted in this study, including 179 patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) screening by the simple Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE) and 179 individuals with normal cognitive function from the same population matched by age, occupation and education level as controls. Questionnaire survey, laboratory examination, electrocardiogram and imaging examination, and physical examination were applied in this study for all subjects to obtain the general demographic characteristics, the indicators of blood and angiosclerosis, and other indicators. Then, all collected data were analyzed using paired t-test, McNemar test and conditional logistic regression statistics method. Results Data from the nonparametric test analysis showed that there were significant differences in left cardio-ankle vascular index(CAVIL), left ankle-arm index(ABIL), long-term mental stress and ratio of living close to busy traffic road between the case group and control group(P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that there were five statistically significant influencing factors, including abnormal CAVIL[OR=3.015, 95% CI(1.062, 8.559)], abnormal ABIL[OR=0.139, 95% CI(0.037, 0.526)], family history of hypertension[OR=0.482, 95% CI(0.235, 0.987)], frequent overeating habit[OR=3.768, 95% CI(1.088, 13.046)] and living close to busy traffic road[OR=14.029, 95% CI(6.125, 32.134)]. Multivariate analysis showed that living close to busy traffic road[OR=10.071, 95% CI(5.072, 19.996)] and abnormal ABIL[OR=0.205, 95% CI(0.078, 0.541)] may affect the occurrence of MCI in perimenopausal women. Conclusion Living close to busy traffic road and dysfunction of artery may be the risk factors of MCI among perimenopausal women.