Abstract: Objective To explore the correlation of infant cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin concentration with maternal factors and infant dietary factors. Methods A total of 524 children from January 2016 to January 2019 were selected from the outpatient clinic of Zhoushan Maternal and Child Health Hospital. According to the criteria, 143 cases were eventually included, of which 84 were born 6 months and 59 were born 12 months. Dietary survey was conducted between the infants and their mothers, and the levels of total cholesterol(TC) and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1 c) were measured by intravenous blood. The influence factors of TC and HbA1 c in infants were analyzed by multivariate regression. Results The TC level of infants varied from 2.3 to 6.6 mmol/L with an average concentration of(4.1±0.8) mmol/L. Spearman correlation analysis showed that maternal TC level and dietary protein of infants were positively correlated with TC level of infants(r=0.391, 0.279, all P<0.05). After multivariate regression, maternal TC level and dietary protein of infants were independently correlated with TC of infants(P<0.05). The level of HbA1 c in infants ranged from 3.7 to 6.0 mmol/L with an average concentration of(4.9±0.4) mmol/L. There was no correlation between maternal factors, diet and HbA1 c of infant(P>0.05) by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion Maternal TC level and infant dietary protein ratio can affect infant TC level, so it is necessary to control maternal TC level and infant dietary protein ratio to reduce the incidence of infant TC.